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Architecture of Light: Spaces to breathe

Antonia Garcia Lopez

When natural light interacts with materials like wood or stone, the space comes alive. Light transforms each texture, unveiling the intricacies of natural materials and creating dynamic environments that evolve throughout the day. In our studio, we regard light as an essential element, one that adapts and enhances the space according to its purpose and activities. We approach light as a spatial component integrated from the outset of each project, enriching every room and elevating the sensory experience of its inhabitants.


light in architecture
Image 1. Water Depository, Library, Barcelona

Core Principles for Natural Light Design:


  • Geographic Orientation of the Project

    The project’s location and orientation dictate the sun’s path and its impact throughout the year. In colder climates, southern exposures capture heat and light in winter; in warmer climates, we aim to reduce direct exposure during summer to maintain indoor comfort.


  • Climatic Analysis

    Factors like light intensity, overcast days, and seasonal variability are crucial. This analysis guides us in the placement of openings and the use of solar shading, such as overhangs or vegetation, which regulate light without eliminating it.


  • Sun Path and Incidence Angle

    Observing the sun’s movement allows us to plan openings and select optimal angles that maximise light in winter and provide shade in summer. Skylights and interior courtyards help distribute light evenly, even in high-density buildings.


  • Materials that Interact with Light

    Light surfaces amplify and reflect natural light, while darker finishes absorb it, creating a more intimate atmosphere. We select materials like wood and stone that respond dynamically to various lighting conditions, enriching the spatial experience.


  • Activity-Specific Lighting

    The required amount and type of light depend on each area’s function. In work areas, we seek uniform and soft lighting; in relaxation areas, we prefer warm and indirect light. In exhibition spaces, lighting highlights textures and avoids direct impacts to preserve the atmosphere.


  • Psychobiological Factors

    Adapting light to circadian rhythms is essential for well-being. Varying intensities and temperatures of light, from dawn to dusk, help regulate biological rhythms and promote an emotionally inviting environment.


natural lighting: the skylight
Image 2. Natural Light: The Skylight

Practical Example: Transforming an Apartment with Natural and Artificial Light


In a recent renovation project, we worked on an apartment where natural light entered through a large skylight in the entrance area. Transitioning from the building’s dark corridor into this illuminated space felt like stepping into a small garden bathed in natural light. This atmosphere became the foundation of our design.


To enhance and preserve this quality:


  • Skylight Optimisation: We installed a modern skylight with adjustable shading to control the intensity of sunlight and prevent overheating. This skylight also supports natural ventilation, cooling the space in summer.


  • Solar Protection and Energy Efficiency: We upgraded the solar shading systems on the façades, filtering light to improve sun impact and generating shade without darkening the interior.


  • Material Selection: We chose warm-toned paints and light European oak, which reflect light and enhance each room’s luminosity.


Alongside optimising natural light, we designed an adaptable artificial lighting system that complements the rhythms and daily activities of the residents:


artificial lighting
Image 3: Strategic Lighting Detail
  • Zone Lighting: Warm lighting in relaxation areas fosters relaxation, while in study and work areas, we opted for dimmable lights that support concentration.


  • Day-to-Day Flexibility: Each family member can adjust the lighting to their needs, whether for reading, watching television, or studying, enhancing the experience in each room.



Conclusions and Further Reflections


This project illustrates how we adapt light in our designs to meet the needs and activities of each space and user. Both natural and artificial light not only complement the space but enhance its use and elevate the experience of those who inhabit it. In our studio, we believe light is a key element for well-being, and we aim to integrate it in every project so that it adapts to and transforms the space according to its users’ needs.


artificial lighting
Image 4: Bathroom Lighting Detail


Reflection: Observe the quality of light in your daily surroundings, whether at home or in your workspace.


How does the light make you feel in that place? Is there anything you would change to improve your experience?




We´re here to listen,

AGA Studio




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